Commonly used CNC machine tool maintenance methods - Solutions - Huaqiang Electronic Network

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CNC equipment maintenance is a very complicated and high-tech work. CNC equipment is quite different from ordinary equipment.

1, using the self-diagnosis function of the CNC system

The general CNC system has a relatively complete self-diagnosis system. Whether it is a FANUC system or a Siemens system, the CNC system can make a certain range of self-diagnosis for itself or the interface during power-on initialization or operation. Maintenance personnel should be familiar with the system self-diagnosis of various alarm information. According to the specification, the fault range is determined to locate the faulty components. For the imported CNC system, the board level can only be positioned to the board level. The chip level maintenance can generally rely on the after-sales maintenance department of each CNC system.

2. Use the logical lookup of the plc program.

Now the general CNC control system has a PLC controller, mostly built-in PLC control. The maintenance personnel should analyze the machine control electric appliance according to the ladder diagram, and visually see the state of the CNC system I/O on the CRT. Through the logic analysis of the PLC program, the imported pump conveniently checks the location of the problem, such as the self-diagnosis page in the FANUC-OT system. According to the drawing PLC ladder diagram, the interface between the machine tool and the CNC system is faulty to determine whether the fault location is mechanical, electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic.

3. Communicate fully with the operators on the spot

The field operator is the closest partner of CNC machine tools, and the operator is also the first discoverer of various faults. Therefore, after the fault occurs, the maintenance personnel should generally not rush to start, fully communicate with the operator first, and carefully inquire about the working state, the form of the machine, the consequences, whether it is a misoperation, the fault can be caused when the fault occurs. No reproduction, etc., which helps maintenance personnel to quickly analyze and determine the cause of the failure.

The CNC machine tool is composed of NC system, servo system, position detection, high-voltage part and machine body. It is much more complicated than the general machine tool, and the surface form of the fault is more complicated. This requires the maintenance personnel to master several maintenance methods accordingly. It is necessary to flexibly use different methods when encountering different faults, and strive to eliminate the faults in the shortest time to ensure the normal operation of the machine.

1. Diagnostic method: The status of the input signal, output signal and intermediate relay can be checked by the diagnostic function provided by the NC system. The diagnosis can quickly determine the location of the fault point, and then concentrate on finding the cause of the fault within the range.

2. Observation method: The observation method is commonly used in the process of repairing CNC machine tools. Sometimes, some faults can be easily solved by observation. The first method of observation is to observe whether the cable sheath is damaged or not, whether the components are smoked or burnt, whether the plug or the wiring is detached, whether the button or the switch is damaged, whether the indicator light is intact, and the component surface. Whether there is a large amount of dust, etc.; the second is to touch by hand, when the power is checked, the wiring of the transformer can be gently shaken by hand, whether it is loose or burnt, whether the connection between the terminal and the wire is tight, and whether the rotating motor shaft is too tight, the electric element Whether the device is hot and the soldering point is firm; the third is to listen to the ear, listen to the noise and abnormal sound when the motor rotates, and the transformer has a buzzing sound. Attention should be paid to the abnormal vibration of the machine tool and the excessive vibration sound during processing, and these will become the factors of failure.

3. Measurement method: The measurement method is the basic method for finding the fault of CNC machine tools. When the machine tool fails, the instrument and instrument with heavy weight refer to the electrical schematic diagram and the logic diagram of the control system, and measure along the faulty channel step by step until the fault point is found.

4. Substitution method: The substitution method can quickly reduce the fault from a large range to a small range, and then narrows it down to a smaller range. The more complicated the electrical system is, the better the method is.

5.Experience method: The empirical method is a fault that often occurs repeatedly on CNC machine tools. With long-term accumulated experience, for the form of failure, it immediately thinks which part of the fault may occur.

6. Comprehensive Law: The comprehensive method is to comprehensively master the skills of the above methods, comprehensive use, integration and flexible use. This is because the above methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, and the faults that occur are mostly complicated, and it is difficult to obtain the expected effect by using one method alone.