Combining the research situation of electric vehicles in various countries, we can find a common phenomenon that the battery is the most problematic part in the whole electric vehicle research. In the process of battery production, the battery must be subjected to a detection process, that is, the battery needs to be charged and discharged multiple times in the battery production process to complete the production of the entire battery.
Therefore, the performance of the chemical control system directly affects the technical state and service life of the lithium battery, and determines the degree of pollution to the power grid during discharge. In order to meet the actual operation requirements of electric vehicles, battery management systems have made important efforts in terms of functions, reliability, practicality, and safety.
Battery Management System Introduction:Battery Management System (BMS), electric vehicle battery management system (BMS) is an important link between vehicle power battery and electric vehicle. Its main functions include: real-time monitoring of battery physical parameters; battery state estimation; online diagnosis and early warning. ; charge, discharge and precharge control; balance management and thermal management.
Battery Management System Applications:The main task of the Battery Management System (BMS) is to ensure the design performance of the battery system:
1) Safety to protect battery cells or battery packs from damage and prevent safety accidents;
2) Durability, the battery works in a reliable safe area, extending the life of the battery;
3) Power, to maintain the battery work in the state of meeting the vehicle requirements.
The basic concept of power battery:(1) Battery capacity
The pool capacity is an important performance parameter of the battery, which indicates the amount of electricity discharged by the battery under certain conditions of discharge rate, temperature, and termination voltage.
The battery capacity is indicated by C, and the unit is expressed in ampere-hour (Ah) and milliampere-hour (mAh).
(2) Charging rate and discharge rate
This concept is expressed by the ratio of the rated capacity of the battery to the charging time (discharge time), and the charging and discharging speeds of different batteries can be compared.
(3) Overcharge of the battery
Overcharging of the battery is excessive charging of the battery, and overcharging will cause some damage to the battery. When approaching the end of charging, that is, when the battery is almost full, the battery can only be charged at a low rate with a small current. Because only the polarization caused by small current charging is lighter, less gas is accumulated inside the battery, and the time for cooling the battery is sufficient.
(4) Charge termination voltage / discharge termination voltage
When the battery is fully charged, it means that the active material on the battery plate has reached saturation state, so even if the battery is continuously charged at this time, the voltage of the battery will never rise again. At this time, the voltage of the battery is called the charge termination voltage. Similarly, the discharge termination voltage is the lowest voltage that can be reached during discharge.
(5) Internal resistance of the battery
The resistance measured at both ends of the battery is called the internal resistance of the battery.
(6) Battery life cycle and aging
The battery's entire life cycle goes through three phases: at the beginning of the use phase, the capacity will increase by 5% to 10%; in the next phase, the capacity will remain unchanged; in the final phase, the battery capacity will begin to decrease slowly. This stage of capacity reduction is the aging phase of the battery. In general, when the battery capacity drops to 80% of the rated capacity, the battery life is considered to be over.
Figure 1 Basic framework of vehicle BMS software and hardware
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