In recent years, with the rapid development of the civil unmanned aircraft industry, problems such as disordered development, lack of management, and insufficient technological maturity have become increasingly prominent. Recently, the Civil Aviation Administration issued the "Administrative Measures for Commercial Flight Activities of Civil Unmanned Aircraft" (hereinafter referred to as the "Measures") to fill some of the management gaps.
"This is an advancement in my country's policy environment for regulating the commercial operation of civil unmanned aircraft. There are requirements for the qualifications of the pilot and the aircraft itself. But it is undeniable that this is just a very preliminary document. The commercial operation of human aircraft will require the introduction of corresponding policies in the planning, construction and operation of low-altitude public routes for unmanned aircraft in the future." Party Secretary, Deputy Director, Chinese Academy of Sciences, UAV Application and Control, Chinese Academy of Sciences Liao Xiaohan, director of the research center, said in an interview.
High-precision remote sensing mapping, agriculture, forestry and plant protection, express logistics, firefighting and extinguishing... At present, civilian drones have been widely used in many social life fields. According to data from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the output of China's civil drones was 2.9 million in 2017, an increase of 67.0%. By 2020, the civilian drone industry will continue to develop rapidly, with an annual output value of 60 billion yuan, and an average annual growth rate of more than 40%.
The application of general civilian drones is divided into two levels: entertainment consumer drones and industrial drones. Experts judge based on the rigid demand of the industrial drone market. The industrial drone market will show up in the next five years. The explosive growth has become an important industry of the national economy.
The product demand potential is huge, the expandable technical service depth is large, and the additional profit is high. This has attracted many companies to join the drone market competition. However, the challenges behind this prosperity and development cannot be ignored.
Manufacturers continue to develop high-end drone products in the process of improving market competitiveness, and even try to take the shortcut of direct product upgrades based on consumer-grade drone technology. "This is obviously a short-sighted approach," said Zhang Wei, secretary of the Party Committee of Northwestern Polytechnical University and professor of the School of Aeronautics. "Industrial-grade drones have a high technology threshold, without sufficient technology accumulation and precipitation. Simple straight-line thinking is adopted. The practice is ultimately an unsustainable and unhealthy development model."
In addition, the incidents of civil drones that interfered with flight take-off and landing in recent years have also caused the public to pay more attention to the issue of drone flight safety supervision. Li Yunfei, media manager of Yifei Intelligent Control, told reporters that, compared with the consumer-grade field, industrial-grade drones have a larger payload and a more complex operating environment, which "invisibly raises the threshold and criteria for supervision." Li Yunfei also said: “At present, most of the drone operations that are used for black flight and interference with civil aviation are in the consumer-level field, which is related to the low security awareness of the users and the relatively low technical threshold.â€
The frequent occurrence of similar incidents exposed the lack of national policies and regulations and the indifference of the safety awareness of drone manufacturers and purchasers. Professional photographer and professional drone player Jin Songwei (pseudonym) admits that drones are not only purchased through many channels, regulations are not clear, and there is even no unified registration platform for players, and the controller does not have player information. The concealment of identity makes "some players have a fluke mentality and simply ignore it." According to relevant statistics in 2017, there are currently about 20,000 drones in my country in a "black flying" state.
Management needs to be multi-facetedThe standardized development of drones has become complicated due to many factors such as technology, laws and regulations, enterprises and users. However, the more complicated the problem, the more order needs to be sorted out.
Liao Xiaohan told reporters that people often criticize that drones cannot go where they shouldn't go, but the controller doesn't know where to go or where to go, and whether the planned route will conflict with other drones. The issues involved in aviation safety, efficiency, and operating environment are also key issues to promote the commercial application of drones in the future.
The regulation of drones urgently needs scientific and reasonable legislation. Liu Shengjun, deputy director of the Aviation Law and Policy Research Center of Civil Aviation University of China, believes that UAVs are very different from commercial aircraft and general aircraft, and the management of UAVs cannot be fully applicable to existing civil aviation laws. As a new form of business, the regulation of drones should be outside of management, reflecting "release" and "service." The purpose of management is to protect public safety and personal privacy, and the purpose of "release" and "service" is to promote the development of the drone industry and protect the legitimate rights and interests of drone users. How to avoid death at once and chaos at release? The key is to classify and manage drones.
In fact, it is not only the development of drone technology itself, but also the need for technological innovation in the management and control of drones. "Traditional means is that aviation controllers command on the ground, but now the number of drones far exceeds that of manned aircraft. It is obviously impossible to rely on controllers to command manually, and it can only be done by means of information technology." Liao Xiaohan said.
Scientists have explored in related fields. On March 26 last year, the Institute of Geographical Resources of the Chinese Academy of Sciences took the lead in using the UAV management and control system "Rulai Tianwang" (RUNET) independently developed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Together with several mainstream cloud management systems in China, it successfully captured UAVs in many places across the country. Geographical location information test exercise. The purpose of this control system is to provide solutions for relevant national departments and industries to control drones based on dynamic geographic electronic fences and low-altitude public routes.
Naturally, the management of manufacturers and drone pilots is also a key link in drone management.
Cai Zhihao, a senior engineer at Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, suggested that drone driver licenses can be classified as a reference according to relatively mature motor vehicle driver licenses. "As the positioning of different types of drones in the market becomes clearer, they should also be classified according to their size, weight, purpose, and operating area."
He also mentioned that in addition to the technical support of the drone itself, air traffic control and airborne control based on the ground system should cooperate with each other. "Key areas around airports and densely populated areas must be managed by effective non-coordinated control methods." Under the premise of cooperation between drone manufacturers and users, the coordinated control method can grasp drone information more quickly and comprehensively. Capital International Airport has signed agreements with manufacturers such as DJI, and drones are open and can be obtained by airport managers in time Interface."
Intelligent development can be expected in the future"In the future, the threshold for civilian drones will be further lowered," Liao Xiaohan said. "In the long run, it is possible to achieve seamless connection between the sky, the ground and the underwater, and the realization of drones, unmanned vehicles, and unmanned aerial vehicles. The ship (submersible) and so on are integrated."
Perhaps with the advancement of science and technology, drones will become a part of people's lives like mobile phones, deeply integrated into people's lives. This also means that in addition to the production of drones themselves, various application services based on drones will become a new business growth point.
"There are large manufacturers in the drone field, but there are no commercial giants that do related application services. For example, remote sensing data applications for drones, aerial photography, and agricultural and forestry plant protection services will all have great market demand." Liao Xiao Rarely said.
Driven by the wave of artificial intelligence, intelligent control drones with a high level of autonomy are also an inevitable trend of development. Zhang Wei mentioned that with the improvement of the level of autonomous control, the development of multi-sensor and data fusion technology, the level of intelligence of drones is also improving. At present, a large amount of research work is centered on intelligent obstacle avoidance, automatic cruise, autonomous flight, and group Operations, etc., break through core technologies such as intelligent flight control systems and highly integrated dedicated chips.
The improvement of the level of intelligence allows UAVs to autonomously understand and execute human instructions and related flight management regulations, and the safety and reliability of the system will be further improved. "The next 3-5 years will be an explosive period for the development of the civilian drone industry, especially the industrial drone industry. The government should improve the regulatory system, and the industry should strengthen innovative R&D capabilities, scientific management capabilities, and advanced manufacturing capabilities, and strive to bring more Many technologies and market growth points.†Zhang Wei said.
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