The channel bandwidth is one of the most important parameter indicators for judging the performance of communication cabling, and the size of the bandwidth is also affected by environmental factors, of which the most influential factor is temperature.
In a copper dielectric cabling system, the bandwidth is expressed as the bandwidth of a twisted-pair channel per 100 meters (usually in MHz). The channel bandwidth refers to the channel frequency range when the SNR is fixed. The difference between a new generation of standards such as Category 6 or Category 7 and the original lower category standard lies in the difference in available (effective) bandwidth. The relationship between bandwidth and information transmission capabilities was discovered a long time ago by Claude Shannon. This law is called Shannon's law. In general, higher bandwidth in the cabling system means higher data transfer rates.
There is a basic relationship between the channel bandwidth measured in MHz and the information transmission capability or data transmission rate measured in Mb/s. The traffic flow on the freeway mainline can be used to visualize the relationship between bandwidth and data transmission rate concepts. The bandwidth can be compared to the number of lanes on the highway and the data transmission rate can be compared to traffic flow or the number of vehicles per hour. One way to increase traffic flow is to widen the highway, and the Other is to improve the road quality and eliminate bottlenecks. Similarly, it is also possible to carry more information bit amounts per Hz frequency within the available bandwidth frequency, but this requires a better signal-to-noise ratio.
The source of noise that most LAN systems control today is the near-end crosstalk that occurs between pairs of transmit and receive lines. When all near-end crosstalk sources are taken into account, the SNR measured in decibels is the same as the cumulative power attenuation crosstalk ratio (PSACR). The advantage of the Type 6 standard is that the cumulative power attenuation crosstalk ratio (PSACR) is controlled to be greater than zero over a frequency range of 200 MHz, so that it can provide twice the bandwidth of Category 5 cabling systems.
Factors that affect bandwidth
A Class 6 standard channel should be designed to have lower signal attenuation and better near-end crosstalk characteristics than Class 5 standard channels. Lower signal attenuation can be achieved by using slightly heavier specifications of copper dielectric cable, which is between 0.5mm (24AWG) to 0.6mm (23AWG) in diameter. There are two types of cables available that are included in the TIA's Type 6 standard specification. In the 100MHz bandwidth, the signal attenuation of these two Category 6 cables is lower than that of the Category 5 cable by nearly 2dB and 4dB, respectively. Also in the 100 MHz bandwidth, the near-end crosstalk of the Category 6 cable is lower than that of the Category 5 cable by nearly 12 to 18 dB.
Temperature effect
The signal attenuation of the cable is greatly affected by the temperature. For every 10 degrees Celsius increase in temperature, the cable's signal attenuation increases by 4%. This means that the signal attenuation of a 92.6-meter cable at 40 degrees Celsius is the same as the signal attenuation of a 100-meter cable at 20 degrees Celsius. Therefore, the effect of temperature on signal attenuation is much greater than many other environmental factors.
The effect of temperature on bandwidth is so significant. Table 1 compares the bandwidth values ​​of the Enhanced Cat5 cabling system and Cat6 cabling system at different temperatures.
Cables are usually installed in ceilings, exhaust airways and other places where the ambient temperature is often high. A recent study by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory at the University of California showed that the temperature of exhaust ducts in many steel-concrete buildings can reach 49 degrees Celsius during the summer season. However, in some environments such as factory buildings, the temperature of the cable may be even higher.
The use of a low-attenuation cabling system is recommended to meet the requirements of a Category 6 standard cabling system that achieves a target bandwidth of 200 MHz at a reasonable worst temperature condition of 40 degrees Celsius.
In a copper dielectric cabling system, the bandwidth is expressed as the bandwidth of a twisted-pair channel per 100 meters (usually in MHz). The channel bandwidth refers to the channel frequency range when the SNR is fixed. The difference between a new generation of standards such as Category 6 or Category 7 and the original lower category standard lies in the difference in available (effective) bandwidth. The relationship between bandwidth and information transmission capabilities was discovered a long time ago by Claude Shannon. This law is called Shannon's law. In general, higher bandwidth in the cabling system means higher data transfer rates.
There is a basic relationship between the channel bandwidth measured in MHz and the information transmission capability or data transmission rate measured in Mb/s. The traffic flow on the freeway mainline can be used to visualize the relationship between bandwidth and data transmission rate concepts. The bandwidth can be compared to the number of lanes on the highway and the data transmission rate can be compared to traffic flow or the number of vehicles per hour. One way to increase traffic flow is to widen the highway, and the Other is to improve the road quality and eliminate bottlenecks. Similarly, it is also possible to carry more information bit amounts per Hz frequency within the available bandwidth frequency, but this requires a better signal-to-noise ratio.
The source of noise that most LAN systems control today is the near-end crosstalk that occurs between pairs of transmit and receive lines. When all near-end crosstalk sources are taken into account, the SNR measured in decibels is the same as the cumulative power attenuation crosstalk ratio (PSACR). The advantage of the Type 6 standard is that the cumulative power attenuation crosstalk ratio (PSACR) is controlled to be greater than zero over a frequency range of 200 MHz, so that it can provide twice the bandwidth of Category 5 cabling systems.
Factors that affect bandwidth
A Class 6 standard channel should be designed to have lower signal attenuation and better near-end crosstalk characteristics than Class 5 standard channels. Lower signal attenuation can be achieved by using slightly heavier specifications of copper dielectric cable, which is between 0.5mm (24AWG) to 0.6mm (23AWG) in diameter. There are two types of cables available that are included in the TIA's Type 6 standard specification. In the 100MHz bandwidth, the signal attenuation of these two Category 6 cables is lower than that of the Category 5 cable by nearly 2dB and 4dB, respectively. Also in the 100 MHz bandwidth, the near-end crosstalk of the Category 6 cable is lower than that of the Category 5 cable by nearly 12 to 18 dB.
Temperature effect
The signal attenuation of the cable is greatly affected by the temperature. For every 10 degrees Celsius increase in temperature, the cable's signal attenuation increases by 4%. This means that the signal attenuation of a 92.6-meter cable at 40 degrees Celsius is the same as the signal attenuation of a 100-meter cable at 20 degrees Celsius. Therefore, the effect of temperature on signal attenuation is much greater than many other environmental factors.
The effect of temperature on bandwidth is so significant. Table 1 compares the bandwidth values ​​of the Enhanced Cat5 cabling system and Cat6 cabling system at different temperatures.
Cables are usually installed in ceilings, exhaust airways and other places where the ambient temperature is often high. A recent study by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory at the University of California showed that the temperature of exhaust ducts in many steel-concrete buildings can reach 49 degrees Celsius during the summer season. However, in some environments such as factory buildings, the temperature of the cable may be even higher.
The use of a low-attenuation cabling system is recommended to meet the requirements of a Category 6 standard cabling system that achieves a target bandwidth of 200 MHz at a reasonable worst temperature condition of 40 degrees Celsius.
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