The germination of touch technology dates back to the 1970s, but it has only really come to the fore in recent years. Touch technology has been commercialized. In addition to the popularity of flat-panel displays, the inclusion of operating systems in human-machine interface applications, materials and manufacturing technologies, the most important ones include Apple's iPhone marketing strategy.
According to a recent US market forecast, more than 95% of young people under the age of 45 regard touch as the most convenient human-machine interface design, and more than 80% of respondents believe that their value lies mainly in touch applications. Intuition and convenience in use. If you carefully observe the changes in the human-machine interface in your life, it is not difficult to find that the touch application has spread rapidly. Recently, DisplaySearch predicts that 2009 will be a year of rapid growth in the application of touch technology for portable consumer electronics.
Although there are more than 20 touch technologies that are mature or in development, only 7-8 kinds have been successfully introduced and mass-produced, including resistive, surface-capacitive (SCT), and projected capacitive. (Projected Capacitive Touch Panel, PCT), infrared, sonic, optical, electromagnetic induction and digital. Among them, the resistive type has the highest market share for a long time because of its simple structure and cost advantages. The SCT is limited by patent restrictions in the past, and the cost is high (particularly in process technology and optical processing), and its market share is always Not as resistant. In recent years, due to the expiration of patent restrictions and the advancement of optical technology, it has brought new opportunities for the popularity of SCT; PCT can realize the application of multi-touch due to its design principle, and it is expected that the growth will be the most Fast, touch-related industries are also investing in research and development to produce this product.
Although the use characteristics of the touch interface have been determined when a specific touch technology is selected; for example, a resistive structure, the optical and the tolerance are not as good as the capacitive type, in order to solve these difficulties, the material and structure are sought out, such as Current ITO PET materials, Conductive Polymers and Nano Carbon Tubes; in order to improve the readability of panels in glare environments, resistively derived linear and circular polarizations of different structures select. However, these solutions are based on a basic assumption that finding a solution in resistive is far more economical than in other technologies. In fact, is that true? When the market is increasingly eager to see the popularity of the PCT, manufacturers with manufacturing sensors (Sensors) with knowledge of electronic technology and signal processing will reposition the competitive relationship between SCT, PCT and resistive.
Challenge from IC
Obviously, the tolerant and optical advantages of SCT or PCT technology are unmatched in resistance. The reason why it is not popular is: 1. The current IC controller or chip price is high, or is mainly supplied by the source. Long-term monopoly; 2. Manufacturing know-how; 3. Optical processing process is more outsourced, thus increasing production costs; 4. Traditionally, panel manufacturing and IC supply terminals lack long-term technical level of communication, resulting in overall touch performance. This dilemma is particularly significant in the development of the PCT.
Basically, the initial development of the PCT was applied to the touchpad as a non-transparent touch panel. IC suppliers such as Quantum, Cypress, Synaptics, Alps, Broadcom and Elan are the main sources of technology and IC. PCT is composed of ITO arranged on a layer or layers of surfaces to form a plurality of sensing elements. Due to its sensing capability on the X, Y, and Z axes, glass or cover lenses can be used on the surface to enhance surface durability. However, when the panel size increases, the number of sensing cells increases relatively. At this time, in addition to the increase in the number of panel outlets, the disadvantages such as an increase in the internal resistance value are the main reasons why the current IC can only serve the small-sized PCT.
Therefore, when panel makers lack 'cross-domain' knowledge, technology and price will be dominated by IC suppliers, even panel manufacturers that can provide stable quality, high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) values ​​are subject to The IC supply side hopes that with the existing products to match the front of all the panels, the optimization of the overall solution will not be available. This asymmetrical industry situation does not help the evolution of the touch market or products.
Breaking through optical limitations
The impression that the iPhone gives consumers, besides multi-touch, is the optical quality. In fact, high transmittance, low reflectivity or surface treatment is the biggest advantage of capacitive products over resistive. At present, the resistive transmittance is usually 80±2% (film/glass), and it can only reach 87±2% with special materials. Capacitive optical processing acts directly on the glass material; in practice, the improvement in penetration can be increased from 87% to 98%; the reflectivity is reduced from 11% to 1.8% (Figure 1 and Figure 2); surface hardness Anti-fouling, anti-bacterial and anti-fingerprint can also be achieved through a capacitive production process, which not only increases product value but also reduces costs. The use of capacitive optical advantages coupled with structural adjustments, this approach to the readability of panels in bright light environments is necessarily more effective than resistive circular polarizing applications.
Figure 1: Comparison of glass penetration rates before and after optical processing.
Figure 2: Comparison of glass reflectance before and after optical processing.
Resistive type has long enjoyed the largest market share of touch panels. The reason is not that the resistive function is superior to the other, but the obstacle of capacitive popularization has not been removed. On the technical level, the resistive type obviously does not need to have the background knowledge of electronics and signal processing; however, the capacitive type is quite different, and its successful application requires not only the sensor manufacturing end to know how to manufacture optical and structural high-quality panels, but also The electronic signal provides stable and high-quality signals, and the IC processing can construct different signal processing logic programs according to its advantages, so as to effectively exert the overall performance of the capacitive touch panel.
In other words, panel makers with an electronic background know how to produce high-quality panels, which represents a process in which the essence of knowledge is added to production advantages, and the basic differences between labor-intensive and knowledge-based industries in manufacturing. Projected capacitive touch panels today are not just a matter of IC supply, but how to integrate with upstream and downstream to create a win-win situation for panel manufacturing, IC supply and consumers.
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