The accurate detection of active substances in single cells is of great significance for revealing its important role in life activities and exploring the diagnosis and treatment of related diseases. Fluorescence method has the characteristics of high sensitivity, which makes it popular in the detection of single cells.
At present, nanomaterials used in commonly used fluorescence single-cell analysis methods mainly focus on zero-dimensional nanoparticles, such as nanoparticles. These zero-dimensional nanomaterials usually need to be passively diffused into cells when used for single cell detection. Nanomaterials are prone to drift during the detection process, which is not conducive to long-term observation of specific parts of single cells. Compared with zero-dimensional nanomaterials, one-dimensional nanomaterials have a nanometer-scale diameter and a micrometer-scale longitudinal length. This structural feature makes it easy to operate and observe.
Actively positioning one-dimensional nanomaterials at specific parts of cells through physical methods can effectively avoid problems such as the drift of zero-dimensional nanomaterials. Among many one-dimensional nanomaterials, silicon nanowires have the advantages of simple preparation, easy modification, good biocompatibility, and easy integration with modern silicon technology, making them ideal materials for the analysis of active substances in single cells.
The research group of teachers, students and researchers of the Institute of Physics and Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences took hypochlorous acid in single cells as the detection target. Through the functional modification of silicon nanowires, a hypochlorous acid fluorescence sensor based on silicon nanowires was prepared, and the single The silicon nanowire sensor is located in a single cell, which realizes the detection of endogenous hypochlorous acid in a single cell with a single silicon nanowire fluorescence sensor. The researchers first prepared silicon nanowires and their arrays using chemical vapor deposition and chemical solution etching methods, and obtained a hypochlorous acid fluorescence sensor based on silicon nanowires and their arrays by covalently modifying IR780 on the surface.
Researchers dispersed the silicon nanowire fluorescence sensor in a solution to study its sensing performance and found that the sensor has good selectivity to hypochlorous acid. Moreover, in the hypochlorous acid concentration range of 0-50 μM, the fluorescence intensity of the sensor has a good linear dependence on the hypochlorous acid concentration. On this basis, the researchers positioned a single silicon nanowire fluorescence sensor in a single RAW264.7 cell with the help of a micro operating system, and realized the detection of endogenous hypochlorous acid in a single cell. This work provides a new technical solution for single cell research. The relevant results were published on Advanced Biosystems (DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800213).
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