The basic structure of centrifugal pumps There are many types of centrifugal pumps. As shown in the figure, the basic structure of single-stage single-suction centrifugal pumps mainly includes a volute-shaped pump casing, pump shaft, impeller, suction pipe, pressure pipe, and bottom valve. , Control valve, filling funnel and pump seat.
1 a pump casing; 2 a pump shaft; 3 impellers;
4 a suction pipe; 5 a water pressure pipe; 6 a bottom Yan;
7 a control valve; 8 a filling funnel; 9 a pump seat.
(1) Pump housing
There are two types of pump casings: axially split and radially split. The casing of most single-stage centrifugal pumps is of volute type, and the radially split casing of multi-stage pumps is generally annular or circular. Generally, the inner cavity of the volute pump casing is a spiral flow channel, which is used to collect the liquid flowing out of the impeller and lead it to the diffuser tube to the pump outlet. The pump casing bears all the working pressure and the heat load of the liquid.
(2) Impeller
The impeller is the only work component, and the pump does work on the liquid through the impeller. The impeller has three types of structure: closed, open, and semi-open. The closed impeller is composed of blades, front cover and rear cover. The semi-open impeller is composed of blades and a rear cover. The open impeller has only blades and no front and rear cover. Closed impellers have higher efficiency, and open impellers have lower efficiency.
(3) Sealing ring
The role of the sealing ring is to prevent internal and external leakage of the pump. The sealing ring made of wear-resistant material is inlaid on the front and rear cover poles of the impeller and the pump casing, and can be replaced after wear.
(4) Shaft and bearing
The impeller is fixed at one end of the pump shaft, and the coupling is installed at the end. Depending on the size of the pump, rolling bearings and sliding bearings can be selected.
(5) Shaft seal
Shaft seals generally include mechanical seals and packing seals. Generally, pumps are designed to be equipped with both packing seal and mechanical seal.
Single-stage centrifugal pump structure diagram
1—Pump casing; 2—Impeller;
3—sealing ring; 4—impeller nut;
5—Pump ginger; 6—Sealing parts;
7—Intermediate support; 8—Axis;
9—Suspension parts
Recommended reading:
The sealing method of centrifugal pump _ main parameters of centrifugal pump
The use characteristics of centrifugal pumps _ how to use centrifugal pumps
The choice of centrifugal pump_basic data of centrifugal pump selection
What are the main components of a centrifugal pump_calculation formula for effective power of centrifugal pump
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