In the early years, although Python was a relatively easy-to-use scripting language and had strong community support, some non-computer professionals chose it as an entry language. Unfortunately, it can't implement some very low-level manipulations, so it's not very noticeable in the hardware field.
But today is different!
The hardware circle is also very concerned about Python!
Speaking of Python for hardware development. Many people may think of Raspberry Pi and other support linux systems (there are many examples of Raspberry Pi and Arduino using Python, for example, using Raspberry Pi hardware and Python language to complete a robot production.) However, now Python It has been completely possible to leave the system and directly develop the single-chip microcomputer.
Control the microcontroller with Python language
MicroPython is a Python that can run on a microcontroller, and you can develop microcontroller programs through the Python scripting language. MicroPython is based on ANSI C, and its syntax is basically the same as that of Pyton 3. It has its own parser, compiler, virtual machine, and class library. At present, it supports 32-bit-based ARM processors, such as STM32F405, STM32f407, etc., which means that the ARM processor STM32F405 can directly run the Python language, and use the Python language to control the microcontroller.
With Micro Python, users can fully access and control the underlying hardware through the Python scripting language, such as controlling LED bulbs, LCD displays, reading voltages, controlling motors, and accessing SD cards.
The following article published by EDN in the United States introduces the role of Python in real-time embedded systems: Python's role in developing real time embedded systems.
Python is well cross-platform, such as Linux and Windows, or single-board computers such as the Raspberry Pi. However, with the increasing popularity of Python, one might ask if there is a place for Python in real-time embedded systems as well. The answer is yes. Below are five major roles that developers find Python has the potential to play in real-time embedded systems development.
Role #1 Device Commissioning and Control
During embedded software development, developers often need to analyze bus traffic such as USB, SPI, or I2C. Some analysis is for debugging purposes only, but sometimes it is necessary to control the bus analyzer and send information to the embedded system. Many bus analyzers and communication tools have friendly user interfaces that can be used to control the tools. They also usually provide a way to develop scripts that can also be used to control tools. Python is a universally supported scripting language, sometimes an interface to some tools, or used to control tools.
Role #2 – Automated Testing
The ability to send and receive messages in embedded systems through Python control tools makes it possible to build automated tests (including regression tests) with Python. Python scripts can set the embedded system into different states, set up configuration files, and test all possible disturbances and interactions of the system with the external environment. The benefit of developing automated tests in Python is that regression tests can develop continuous tests and train the system. Any bugs or substandard results caused by code changes will be detected in real time.
Role #3 – Data Analysis
Simply search for Python libraries through the web and you will find that there are many free and powerful Python libraries that you can use to develop applications. Python can be used to receive very important embedded system data and store it in a database or locally for analysis. Developers can also use Python to develop real-time visualization capabilities to display critical parameters, or store these parameters for subsequent analysis. One of the advantages of using Python for data analysis is that it is easier to implement new functionality once the groundwork is done.
Role #4 – Real-time software
Python has proven its power and ease of use, even finding its way into real-time embedded systems as a programming language. Yes, embedded software itself is written in Python not C++/C++. The most widely used version of Python for real-time software is MicroPython, mostly designed to run on ARM Cortex-M3/4 microcontrollers. MicroPython is not alone. The companies Synapse and OpenMV use both MicroPython and their own Python ports in embedded systems. Readers interested in MicroPython may also be interested in the continuing education courses at DesignNews (sister institution of EDN).
Role #5 – Learn Object Oriented Programming
Python is a free programming language that can be used across multiple platforms and is relatively simple for students and non-programmers. The language, unlike C, is also modern and can be structured in free-form script types, or as a complex object-oriented architecture. Python itself is also flexible. There are even scenarios where electrical engineers with no programming experience can use Python to write useful test scripts or perform panel inspections with minimal time.
The Python learning curve is not steep, and developers familiar with the Python learning curve find that when you have a foundation in other languages, learning Python is easier than learning any other programming language. For these reasons, developers shouldn't be surprised to see Python acting as a programming incubator and absorbing other inexperienced engineers to contribute to the design cycle sooner rather than later.
What? Python+FPGA! ?
Teacher Xia Yuwen recommended a post on WeChat a few months ago, saying that someone used Digilent's PYNQ-Z1 board to achieve super acceleration performance.
In the early years, the development of FPGAs was based on hardware description languages, from VHDL to the more popular Verilog, and software applications from the initial assembly language to the current c/c++ implementation. The FPGA development path that most FPGA developers are familiar with. Last month, IEEE included a paper on developing FPGA applications using Python.
At the 25th IEEE International Symposium on Programmable Computing Machines held in Napa, USA, a short paper titled "Evaluating the Performance of Rapid Development of Heterogeneous Processor FPGA Applications with Python" won the Best Short Paper Award. This paper mainly discusses the advantages and efficiency of developing FPGA applications with Python. In this paper, for Digilent's PYNQ-Z1 board (with a Xilinx Zynq SoC integrated inside), through the PYNQ development environment that supports Python programming and Jupyter Notebooks framework, the application of Python to This board performs development programming and ultimately evaluates the benefits and efficiency of the development results. It is worth mentioning that the authors of this paper are all industry leaders, including senior computer scientist AndrewG.Schmidt, computer scientist Gabriel Weise, and research director Matthew French from the USC Engineering and Technology Science Association. In the thesis, Professor Matthew French mainly evaluated the impact on FPGA devices, performance results and bottlenecks when using the PYNQ development environment and applying Python language to program and develop Xilinx Zynq devices. In addition, the professors conducted a comparative analysis of the development results based on Python with the existing development results based on C language and manual development.
In the paper, the professors also elaborated on the advantages and disadvantages of the PYNQ development environment:
Second, as of now, PYNQ does not support any advanced synthesis, nor can it directly port Python applications to FPGAs. This means that developers still have to prototype a design using FPGA, that is, when PYNQ provides an Overlay framework that supports the IO interface of the board, any user logic must still be created and synthesized by the developer himself. However, developers can still use high-level synthesis tools or the Python-to-HDL project mentioned above to accomplish this task, but in the end, developers still need to design and create a bitstream file that integrates Python code based on this.
It is precisely because of PYNQ's shortcomings in this regard that the authors of the paper did not simply rely on the existing PYNQ API interface and overlay, but they developed a specific application kernel based on the Redsharc project for research.
What was the result? At the end of the paper, the author gives various evaluation results of Python development of Zynq applications. The general image processing pipeline performance of this research implemented by c/c++ is presented in the results, as well as the performance results of the custom hardware accelerator and Python implementation (shown below), which help us better understand the Python + FPGA development environment performance and energy. As can be seen from the table, the results are very obvious. The implementation speed of PYNQ is 30 times faster than that of c implementation. What's more, it can be seen from the results that when there are more effective libraries available when Python is implemented, such as OpenCV, Its performance can grow even more.
The combination of Python software implementation and the performance potential of FPGAs is a very rewarding endeavor that will open up a vast developer community akin to the Raspberry Pi and Arduino. Python+FPGA is a vast unexplored field - a new and more efficient development space - a field that will attract more system developers to join through the PYNQ development environment.
Recently, at the Xilinx OPENHW2017 Innovation Competition and Teacher Summit, Associate Professor Song Tian of Beijing Institute of Technology gave a speech on "Python Programming Language and PYNQ in China", which popularized the reasons why Python programming is popular all over the world.
As an example of the Python programming language, only 21 lines of code are used to complete the processing of an image sketch. Python greatly improves the development efficiency.
The popularity of artificial intelligence and machine learning has made Python stand out from many programming languages.
What are you waiting for?
Life is too short, I use Python
Attached 11 major programming language salary rankings
There are many programming languages, but not every one has the same needs or salary. The popularity of artificial intelligence and machine learning has made Python stand out from many programming languages. The following will combine various sources to provide you with some reference for the relevant salary levels, popularity and prospects of different programming languages ​​in the US market.
Salary level
Using foreign job site Indeed.com to divide programming language salaries into 9 tiers: Based on the results, Ruby/Ruby on Rails looks like you'll earn the most, while Python, C++, iOS, and Java are also decent choices. If salary is your main concern, then maybe C, PHP and SQL are not the most ideal options...
And here's the data from gooroo.io, averaged from the salary range given by each job posting: Developers who know Ruby, C++ or Java seem to have higher starting salaries. Python and Ruby developers have the greatest salary potential, which may mean that there is a relatively large gap in the market for good Ruby/Python developers.
Some people may sneer at things like "job hunting for money", but even if you don't pay much attention to salary, you need to know a little about the demand (how many job openings) and supply (how many developers know the language) of each language. some.
Work demands
How likely are you to get a job based on the programming language you are familiar with? Here are job trends from Indeed.com:
As you can see, C, SQL, Java and Java are frequently mentioned in job postings, while C#, C++ and Python are also good performers.
On the other hand, if your goal is to work at a startup, then maybe Indeed.com's job trends are not the best metric you should refer to. We found the AngelList website, which has more jobs posted by US startups, to see the programming skills AngelList-based software developers need: Once again, Java tops the list. However, US startups seem to prefer Python and Java, with demand for both over Ruby (which was the most popular two years ago), PHP, C or C#.
Availability
Let's look at the developer side again, according to the data of the website Codementor: Of course, this result does not accurately reflect the actual market situation, but it can be used as a reference. For example, while the mobile app business has been booming for a while, Objective-C experts are still few and far between. Due to the low supply of Objective-C developers, their salaries are naturally relatively higher.
On the other hand, PHP is in large supply in the workforce, so employers have more options and more bargaining power when it comes to salaries. At the same time, there is not as much demand for PHP developers as Java, SQL or Java. Therefore, PHP developers generally earn less. This situation is also reflected in the picture at the beginning of our article (see Figure 2).
Java is a very special case. Despite the largest supply, Java developers are not at the bottom line of the salary tier.
To understand the demand and supply of each language, salary information, we need to look at the major language prospects.
Github programming language migration in the past 16 years: more people switch to Python
What is the future development prospect of a programming language? First, it depends a lot on how its community grows, as fresh blood/adopting is what makes the language popular. So let's take a look at what languages ​​people are most interested in:
According to a Google search, there was a huge increase in interest in using Python in 2016.
Secondly, the number of projects on Github can reflect the popularity of the language to a certain extent.
At the same time, we also need to pay attention - a developer may have had the experience of struggling with the Nth difficult and obscure project, thinking: "I can do this in this language, but why not change the language How about happier work?" After analyzing 45 million GitHub users, 393 different languages, and 10 terabytes of source code, Waren Long blogs at source{d}, using detailed data and scientific methods to show the past 16 The big change in the programming language of Github users in 2018 (that is, the situation of switching from one language to another).
Developers using one of the 5 most popular languages ​​(Java, C, C++, PHP, Ruby) are the most likely to switch to Python, with an average 24% chance.
Over the past 16 years, Python and Java have gradually replaced the C language.
Python is the most popular language for introductory courses in US colleges and universities in 2014
Finally, for readers who want to learn programming languages, we briefly introduce various programming languages.
I. Dynamic Languages
Dynamic languages ​​are generally easier for beginners to learn because they are flexible and fun. You can quickly build an application from scratch with a small amount of code and no hard and fast rules. Since dynamic languages ​​are usually very high level languages, you will spend less time fussing over details and more time learning programming concepts, which is one reason why dynamically typed languages ​​are popular with beginners. Both are encouraged by being able to build things and see results quickly and get feedback.
Java
Not to be confused with Java, which is a client-side scripting language primarily used for front-end development. Java is compatible in all browsers and is used to create interactive web applications, usually through libraries such as jQuery and front-end frameworks such as AngularJS, Ember.js, React, etc. Java is also available as a server-side language through the Node.js platform. The Node.js development community has grown a lot over the past two years, and now you can find a lot of resources here. You can also build hybrid mobile applications in Java by using frameworks such as phonegap. Facebook's React Native lets you build native mobile apps in Java. However, Java is difficult because it is an untyped language and therefore difficult to debug. There are also statically typed versions, such as Microsoft's Type or JSX, for use with React.
Ruby
With Ruby, developers can happily work. Ruby's popularity is due to the Ruby on Rails framework, Ruby is similar to English, and the Rails framework (which is a full-stack web framework) has "out-of-the-box" tools that make development easy. Therefore, many people would recommend that you learn Ruby first. Ruby is mainly used for back-end development, and some commonly used large websites, such as Airbnb, Shopify, Bloomberg, Hulu, and Slideshare are all built using Ruby on Rails.
Python
Python is another highly recommended language for beginners to learn, and Python is also the most popular entry-level introductory language at top US universities. Developers use Python to build desktop applications and web applications, and Python is also a great tool for data mining. Furthermore, Python is especially popular in academia in scientific computing, data analysis, and bioinformatics. Google, Dropbox, Pinterest, Instagram, Reddit, BitTorrent, Civilization IV, etc. are all built in Python.
Not only that, but Python has been an Introductory Teaching Language for entry-level courses in top American colleges and universities since 2014:
The following is a list of programming languages ​​used in computer-related courses at some of the top universities in the United States:
The use of programming languages ​​in entry-level courses at top U.S. colleges and universities
PHP
PHP is a server-side scripting language that is generally considered beginner-friendly. It's easier to understand what PHP code does, so PHP is easy to learn. Most websites are built in PHP because the language is specific to the web. Facebook, Wikipedia, Yahoo!, Tumblr, Wordpress, etc. are all built with PHP.
II. Static Language
Applications built with statically typed languages ​​are more scalable, stable, and maintainable. Static languages ​​are generally stricter in finding bugs with type checking, and require more code to build a prototype. Game engines, mobile apps, and enterprise backends are often built using statically typed languages.
Java
As a lingua franca, Java is used to build Android applications, desktop applications, and games. Java is also commonly used as a server-side language for enterprise-level back-end development—90% of Fortune 500 companies use Java. In addition, Hadoop for storing and processing big data is a popular Java-based framework used by enterprises such as Yahoo, Facebook, and Amazon Web Services.
C
C is often used to program system software and is the lingua franca of operating systems (lingua franca). C has influenced almost all the programming languages ​​mentioned in this article, especially Objective-C and C++. So, if you know C, it's probably easier for you to learn other popular languages. Because C requires more complex code to perform simple tasks, it is often difficult for beginners to stay motivated if they use C as their first language. However, knowledge of the C language will definitely help you as a programmer in the long run.
Objective-C
Objective-C is a layer on top of the C language and is therefore static. That being said, Objective-C can also be used for dynamic typing. Apple's Swift is a static language, compatible with Objective-C, but its static typing makes it more resilient. Inspired by Python, Swift is designed to make it easy for newbies to write, and aims to fix some of the problems with Objective-C.
C++
C++ is a powerful language based on C, designed for programming system software, but is also used to build games/game engines, desktop applications, mobile applications and web applications. C++ is powerful and fast, and Facebook has developed several high-performance and high-reliability components in C++. Many software are built in C++, including Adobe Systems, Amazon, Paypal, Chrome, etc. Similar to the C language, C++ is generally considered to be difficult for beginners to learn on their own. So, if you decide to learn C++ as your first programming language, it is advisable to discuss it with someone or find a mentor.
C#
C# is used in Microsoft's .NET Framework, which runs primarily on Microsoft Windows. C# is used for web development, game development, and general Microsoft development. Additionally, Xamarin has been working on an open source project called Mono that aims to port C# to other platforms, bringing better development tools to Linux developers. More recently, you can also build native mobile apps for iOS and Android with Xamarin using C#.
III. Other
SQL
SQL ("Sequel"), or Structured Query Language, is a query language used to communicate with databases. While SQL cannot be used to build applications, it is used to manage data in applications that use relational database management systems (RDMS).
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