First, why should we protect the LED?
White LEDs are gaining more and more people's daily lives because of their many advantages, and their usage is now very huge. It is a new device that has its own characteristics. White LEDs are voltage sensitive devices. The current should not exceed 20mA when working with each LED. If too many LEDs are used, it will be easily burned. If the LED is used normally, its life is very long. But in actual use, LEDs tend to be easy to break. What is the reason? In fact, it does not take into account the use characteristics of the LED and add protection to it.
LEDs are optoelectronic semiconductor devices that are susceptible to electrostatic shock during assembly. This requires electrostatic protection during the assembly process. We have found that many manufacturers do not have this concept or do not understand it at all. This is not acceptable.
In actual operation, the LED is limited to a current of 20 mA, but the current is often increased due to various reasons in use. If no protective measures are taken, the increased current exceeds a certain time and amplitude after the LED. It will be damaged.
Second, the cause of LED damage
1. Sudden rise in the supply voltage. There are many reasons why the power supply voltage suddenly rises. For example, the quality of the power supply or the improper use of the user may cause the power supply voltage to suddenly rise.
2. A short circuit of a component or printed line or other conductor in the line forms a partial short circuit of the LED power supply path, causing the voltage in this place to increase.
3. An LED is short-circuited due to its own quality, and its original voltage drop is transferred to other LEDs.
4. The temperature inside the lamp is too high, which makes the characteristics of the LED deteriorate.
5. The inside of the lamp is filled with water, and the water is electrically conductive.
6. At the time of assembly, there is no anti-static work, so that the inside of the LED has been damaged by static electricity. Despite the application of normal voltage and current values, it is extremely susceptible to LED damage.
These reasons will cause a significant increase in LED current, and soon the LED chip will be burnt due to overheating. According to our experience, most of the LEDs are short-circuited after being burned, and a small part is broken. Each LED has a voltage drop of about 3.2V. If it is broken, it will not emit light if it is broken. If this voltage is shorted, it will be transferred to other LEDs, causing more current to other LEDs. Other LEDs will be burned faster and even critically. It is extremely easy to cause a major accident with small damage. LEDs are generally installed at high places, which is not easy to install and is more difficult to repair. Therefore, the protection of LED is the actual demand, but it has not been valued by everyone at present, and it is also a problem that many people have no choice but to deal with.
Third, how to protect the LED
The protection of LEDs is the first thing we think of is the use of fuses, but the fuses are one-off, and the reaction speed is too slow, the effect is poor, the actual use is also very troublesome, so the fuse is not suitable for use in the current LED light products, Because LED lights are now mainly in the city's brilliance engineering and lighting projects. In response to this actual demand, we have done a lot of experiments, and according to the requirements of the project, we have summarized the characteristics of the LED protection circuit. It is very demanding: it can start the protection immediately after the normal use current, and let the LED supply path It is disconnected, so that the LED and the power supply can be protected. After the whole lamp is normal, the power can be automatically restored without affecting the LED work. The key is because it is a civilian product, and the added circuit can not be too complicated and the volume cannot be too large. The cost is low.
These requirements are contradictory and mutually restrictive, and it is very difficult to achieve.
First, you should determine which protection circuit and protection device to use.
1. We can choose to use transient voltage suppression diode (TVS for short). The transient voltage suppression diode is a high efficiency protection device in the form of a diode. When its two poles are subjected to reverse transient high energy impact, the high resistance between the two poles can be immediately reduced to low resistance at a very short time of 10 minus 12 power seconds, absorbing up to several kilowatts of surge power. The voltage between the two poles is clamped to a predetermined voltage value, which effectively protects the precision components in the electronic circuit. The transient voltage suppression diode has the advantages of fast response time, large transient power, low leakage current, good uniformity of breakdown voltage, easy control of clamping voltage, no damage limit, and small volume.
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