On the morning of March 28th, Beijing time, researchers from the University of Southampton in the United Kingdom produced a new type of optical fiber that can transmit data at a speed of 99.7%.
The researchers used this new optical fiber to achieve a data transmission speed of 73.7Tbps-equivalent to about 10TBps, which is 1000 times faster than the most advanced 49Gb optical fiber today, and the delay rate is reduced.
The speed of light in vacuum is 299,792,458 meters / second. But the speed in other media is usually much slower. In conventional optical fibers made of quartz glass, the speed of light will slow down by 31%. In fact, light travels faster in air than in glass. Because of this, researchers at the University of Southampton used a hollow optical fiber that was almost completely filled with air.
This is not the first time researchers have attempted to make hollow fiber optics, but it has previously encountered difficulties when encountering curved parts. In ordinary optical fibers, glass or plastic materials have a certain refractive index, which can guide the direction of light in the optical fibers, thereby achieving long-distance transmission. If you remove the glass or plastic, the light will hit the outside, causing the signal to be lost immediately. The contact surface of glass and air in each section of optical fiber will also cause interference and limit the overall optical frequency bandwidth.
The researchers overcome this problem by radically improving the hollow design, using a photonic-bandgap rim. This new design can achieve low loss (3.5dB / km), wide bandwidth (160nm), and a much better delay rate than conventional optical fibers, resulting in a 31% increase in light and data transmission speed.
In order to achieve a transmission speed of 73.7Tbps, the researchers also used wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and mode division multiplexing (MDM) to transmit three 96-channel modes, each channel speed is 256Gpbs. Modular division multiplexing is a new technology that involves spatial filtering—rotating a signal through a polarizer to use more optical fibers. But in any case, this is one of the fastest data transmission speeds currently achievable in the laboratory.
From the perspective of practical application, the loss of 3.5dB / km is completely acceptable, but it cannot replace the traditional optical fiber in the short term. However, in the field of short-distance transmission such as data centers and supercomputer interconnections, this optical fiber can greatly increase the speed and improve the delay.
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