1 Overview
In recent years, as an important part of a new generation of information technology, the Internet of Things technology has received extensive attention from experts and scholars in related fields. The Chinese government also attaches great importance to this technology, and in 2010, together with new energy, new materials, energy saving and environmental protection, biomedicine, etc., was recognized as a strategic emerging industry that the country vigorously developed. "The plan has also entered the strategic implementation stage. At present, the research and application of the Internet of Things has covered security, environment, medical care, logistics, energy, transportation and other fields. This article will combine the product characteristics of the petrochemical industry to analyze the application of the Internet of Things technology in the logistics business of the petrochemical industry.
2. Research and analysis of Internet of Things technology
2.1 Perception technology
Sensor technology and information processing technology are the foundation of the Internet of Things. Through a variety of sensing and coding technologies such as sensors, RFID, multimedia information collection, and two-dimensional codes, the Internet of Things can realize the collection of information on the physical world data or events, and realize the cognition of the physical world.
Among them, sensor technology involves the collection of data and information, using sensors and sensor networks to collaboratively sense and collect information on objects being sensed in the network coverage area. Information processing technology is one of the key technologies for the Internet of Things application system to realize the interconnection of things and people. Based on the sensor data collected by multiple IoT perception and interaction layer nodes or devices, information processing technology can realize the comprehensive and thorough perception of physical variables, states, templates, events and their changes, as well as the process of intelligent feedback and decision-making. Information processing technology covers multiple technical fields such as data processing, data fusion, data mining, and data integration. In actual use, it can be implemented in parallel or serial, based on centralized or decentralized mechanisms.
2.2 Network technology
The Internet of Things is derived on the basis of the Internet and mainly solves the processing and transmission of item information. It is composed of communication technology, networking technology, middleware technology and gateway technology. The wireless communication part of the sensing network is integrated into the traditional communication network, and it will encounter traditional problems such as the multi-channel wireless communication channel, wireless communication channel bandwidth and transmission power limitation, and also encounter the limited transmission capacity and communication range of the sensor. , The topology of the network changes frequently, power consumption and energy saving, wireless interference and other issues. Therefore, in the choice of communication technology, information transmission characteristics and implementation complexity are two factors to be considered. The network architecture of the Internet of Things is a highly mixed heterogeneous system formed by the Internet, mobile communication networks, and multiple network infrastructures. The networking technology requires the use of topology control, channel resource scheduling, multi-hop routing, reliable transmission control, and heterogeneous networks. Technical support such as fusion to ensure the high availability of communication channels under the conditions that the energy of sensor nodes and network bandwidth are generally limited. Middleware technology can realize the connection between the perception and interaction layer of the Internet of Things, the network transmission layer and the application service layer by shielding the heterogeneity of the hardware platform, operating system platform, and communication protocol. Gateway technology refers to the realization of seamless connection between heterogeneous heterogeneous networks and the network transmission layer, and the realization of heterogeneous network access of multiple devices. It needs to realize the reporting of mobility support, service discovery, perception interaction layer and network transmission layer of the sensing device. Document conversion, IPSec and perception interaction layer security protocol conversion, remote maintenance and management, IPv6/IPv4 adaptive encapsulation technology and other functions.
2.3 Application Service Technology
Application service technology is the driving force to promote the continuous development of the Internet of Things. It emphasizes how to better process, process and use information, and how to provide application services more efficiently. It requires massive information and multi-granular distributed storage, massive data mining and knowledge discovery, and massive Data parallel processing, cloud computing and other technologies are supported.
Massive information and multi-granularity distributed storage refers to the storage of Internet of Things data through traditional or emerging information storage technology and distributed database technology in order to provide better original data for future services. Mass data mining and knowledge discovery refers to the extraction of potential and useful information and knowledge from a large number of, incomplete, noisy, fuzzy, and random data acquired by various terminal sensing devices deployed on the application site in the application system. And through the data processing engine to mine and model these data, so as to obtain the logical operation and knowledge required by the Internet of Things application system. Parallel processing of massive data refers to the process of using multiple computing resources to solve computing problems at the same time. Under the current mature conditions of cloud computing technology, parallel computing can provide more efficient data processing capabilities for the massive information of the Internet of Things. At the same time, the application of cloud computing virtualization technology can more effectively utilize various computing capabilities to provide support for various IoT applications.
2.4 Safety management technology
Most IoT application systems deal with real-time data in application scenarios, including production, life and other fields, as well as sensitive data in important industries in the country. Therefore, security management is an important prerequisite for ensuring the healthy development of the Internet of Things. The security problems faced by different information processing processes at different levels such as the perception layer, network convergence and transmission layer and application layer of the Internet of Things also have their own characteristics. How to ensure the confidentiality, integrity and availability of IoT information is the biggest challenge for IoT applications. In actual application, we should achieve the confidentiality, data authentication, equipment authentication, integrity, availability and freshness of the Internet of Things.
3. Application case analysis of the Internet of Things in the petrochemical industry
The Internet of Things has become a national strategic emerging industry with broad market prospects and application space. Through more thorough perception, more comprehensive interconnection, and deeper intelligence, the Internet of Things technology is conducive to improving and enhancing the level of enterprise automation, integration and intelligence. The petrochemical industry can realize cross-regional comprehensive perception and high-level sharing of multi-dimensional information of terminal perception objects such as tankers, vehicles, pipelines, installations, and products by building the Internet of Things in the logistics field. Based on the integration of the Internet of Things and existing application systems, data mining and in-depth analysis are used to gradually realize intelligent energy production management. At present, in the petrochemical industry, some IoT technologies have been applied.
3.1 Using RFID technology to realize electronic bill of lading management
In the traditional product oil delivery management, the logistics center first generates a reservation form in the ERP system for the self-owned distribution business, and then the driver goes to the oil depot to pick up the fuel after printing the fuel picking list. If there is an adjustment or addition of delivery tasks, the driver must first go to the distribution center to pick up the task list, and then go to the oil depot for delivery; direct wholesale customers need to place an order in the system first, print the oil pick up list, and hand it to the customer to pick up the fuel at the oil depot. oil. Under the original management model, the delivery procedures of refined oil products are cumbersome and the efficiency is low.
In order to improve efficiency, the company has realized the electronic bill of lading management function with the help of advanced Internet of Things technology. Through RFID automatic sensing, transmission, and processing, the convenience and operation efficiency of the pick-up business are improved. The system uses RFID radio frequency identification technology, which is realized by sensing equipment, application systems and networking technologies. The sensing device consists of three parts: a radio frequency card, a card reader and a password keyboard. When the card enters the magnetic field, it receives the radio frequency signal from the reader, and uses the energy obtained by the induced current to send out the product information stored in the chip; or take the initiative After sending a signal of a certain frequency, the reader reads and decodes the information, and then sends it to the central information system for relevant data processing. The system realizes data collection through perception modules; realizes data processing through the development of .net technology; after integrating the ERP system, it realizes two functions of business processing and security management. The business processing function is realized through the integration of the secondary logistics optimization system and ERP system at the bottom layer, combined with the corresponding business operations. Through comprehensive utilization of multiple methods such as identity authentication, network and server reinforcement, the system also realizes security management to ensure safety during use.
After the use of the electronic bill of lading management system, the delivery business omits the printing and delivery of the moving list, and the distribution staff shifts the focus of work to the management of the distribution link, which also reduces the cost of empty driving for the delivery of documents. The application of electronic bills of lading replaces traditional paper documents and simplifies the business process for drivers to and from the invoicing point when adding, adjusting, and deleting distribution documents; reducing the link of document delivery for sales companies, saving distribution costs, and improving work efficiency. The system adopts mature software and hardware encryption technology, which is closed in the enterprise, which enhances the security of business transactions and eliminates the economic loss caused by forged bills of lading. Take Jiangsu Province as an example. After using the electronic bill of lading, because the RFID card can be reused, there is no need to print paper receipts, effectively avoiding paper waste. According to calculations, before the electronic bill of lading system, the province needs about 105,000 sets of reservations and customer bills of lading each month, and the average cost of each set (3 copies) is 0.1 yuan, which can reduce the use of 1.205 million sets of receipts each year. Save at least 126,000 yuan in cost. Sinopec sales companies currently use electronic bills of lading in 19 provinces and cities, saving nearly 2 million in printing paper costs a year.
After the electronic bill of lading is adopted, customers’ oil purchase and delivery operations are more convenient and faster; companies can collect accurate customer information, establish complete customer files, and have more targeted marketing strategies; refined marketing management, improved customer satisfaction, and increased The customer's loyalty to the company is reflected, and the customer-oriented service concept is embodied. After adopting the electronic bill of lading management system, the oil depot inspection and delivery operations are more consistent, and it is tightly integrated with the automatic fuel payment system, which realizes the use of radio frequency cards in the oil depot ticket inspection, oil delivery, and outgoing links, which greatly simplifies Operation improves work efficiency. After accessing the Internet, customers can inquire about oil purchase, oil extraction, and reconciliation information online, and customers can also inquire through touch-sensitive display screens at business outlets, which greatly improves the user experience level, improves user satisfaction, and establishes a negative impact. Responsible and efficient corporate image.
3.2 Real-time monitoring of dynamic information of chemical products in transit through GPS technology
In the chemical sales industry, some of the products sold are hazardous chemicals and precursor chemicals, and very few logistics companies can provide enough vehicles to arrange transportation. If you form a distribution fleet yourself, most of your own vehicles need to be re-formed and shipped at the national railway marshalling station, resulting in low transportation efficiency and high logistics costs. In order to ensure the safe operation of chemical products, reduce logistics costs, and increase railway distribution, the company strengthens the collection of information on chemical-owned vehicles on the road to realize the full control of the round-trip between vehicle dedicated lines, national railways, and unloading points. In cooperation with the Ministry of Railways, the company’s chemical sales department uses the relevant information resources provided by the railway transportation management information system to build a chemical self-provided vehicle dispatch management information system to achieve real-time query and dynamic tracking of vehicle operation and trajectory, in order to improve distribution The vehicle utilization rate provides information technology means.
At the perception level, the system uses GPS positioning system (for road transportation and inland waterway) and the Ministry of Railways' automatic identification technology (for railway transportation) to realize the positioning and tracking of delivery vehicles. At the transmission layer, with the help of communication technology, networking technology, middleware technology and gateway technology, all kinds of information in the Internet of Things are transmitted. At the application level, a logistics information system covering three levels of logistics operations, logistics supervision and logistics decision-making has been established, and the initial intelligentization of logistics management has been realized.
In actual operation, the Automatic Railway Vehicle Number Identification System (ATIS) can automatically scan the vehicle number, and transmit and process the signal through electronic, radio frequency, signal processing, software and other technical means, and automatically identify the sequence, vehicle type, and model of the vehicle. , Train number and other information, provide detection data for railway transportation management information system (TMIS) and railway vehicle management information systems. The positioning module relies on mobile internet technology, 3G network, mobile agent service technology and Beidou satellite navigation technology to realize real-time monitoring and data transmission, and uses optimization technology to realize data analysis and processing. In order to ensure security, the system adopts network boundary protection, network host protection, storage and transmission data encryption and protection, network access behavior management, overall network service quality improvement, and security auditing methods to achieve system multi-layer network and data security.
Through the application of the above technology, the system can measure the number of kilometers traveled by the vehicle between the time of delivery, count the travel and parking records of the vehicle during the execution of transportation tasks, analyze the parking location, parking time, travel time, travel distance, travel speed and other information. It can also send arrival notice messages to customers and account managers according to the GPS operating status to realize GPS intact rate and application rate statistical reports. By timely grasping the availability and distribution of self-provided vehicle resources, maximize the use of self-provided vehicle resources, increase turnover and load rates, reduce train rental usage, and thereby reduce vehicle transportation costs and new vehicle purchase costs. The system's management of product transportation and warehousing can be specific to logistics service providers, transportation vehicles and even single-product goods. It closely tracks the actual flow of products in transit and can effectively prevent operating risks.
4. Summary
The Internet of Things has become an emerging industry in the country's strategic development. It has received strong national support and policy support, and has broad market prospects and development space. Through more thorough perception, more comprehensive interconnection, and deeper intelligence, the Internet of Things technology can improve and enhance the level of enterprise automation, integration and intelligence. By building the Internet of Things in the logistics field, it is helpful to realize high-level logistics management in the petrochemical industry, create conditions for the intelligent production of enterprises, and enhance the competitiveness of enterprises.
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